{"id":952,"date":"2020-02-11T23:54:37","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T20:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nalog.fr\/csjako-airbnb-a-podobne-on-line-sluzby-zmenil-trh-s-najemnim-bydlenim\/"},"modified":"2020-02-11T23:54:37","modified_gmt":"2020-02-11T20:54:37","slug":"csjako-airbnb-a-podobne-on-line-sluzby-zmenil-trh-s-najemnim-bydlenim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/csjako-airbnb-a-podobne-on-line-sluzby-zmenil-trh-s-najemnim-bydlenim\/","title":{"rendered":"Jako Airbnb a podobn\u00e9 on-line slu\u017eby zm\u011bnil trh s n\u00e1jemn\u00edm bydlen\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed on-line slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rychle a bez prost\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f (peer-to-peer nebo p2p) pron\u00e1jem byt\u016f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e obyvatel\u00e9 velk\u00fdch m\u011bst s \u00fa\u0159ady a \u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. Posledn\u00edch jisti, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina probl\u00e9m\u016f je na trhu s n\u00e1jemn\u00edm bydlen\u00edm a v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b z\u00e1vratn\u00e9 n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho, je Airbnb a podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. &#8222;\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043e&#8220; vrhnout sv\u011btlo na situaci.<\/p>\n<h2>Skand\u00e1l v noblesn\u00ed rodin\u011b<\/h2>\n<p>V listopadu roku 2015 v San Franciscu (Kalifornie, USA) pro\u0161el referendum, ve kter\u00e9m se mimo jin\u00e9 ot\u00e1zek obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta museli \u0159e\u0161it, omezit, zda mo\u017enosti u\u017eivatel\u016f on-line slu\u017eeb Airbnb. Auto\u0159i p\u0159edlo\u017eena na referendum &#8222;Nab\u00eddky F&#8220; (tento n\u00e1zev dostal bal\u00ed\u010dek legislativn\u00edch pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f, s nimi\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li odp\u016frci Airbnb) navrhl zav\u00e9st opat\u0159en\u00ed pro kontrolu nad pron\u00e1jmem pomoc\u00ed p2p slu\u017eeb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>omezit mo\u017enost pronajmout bydlen\u00ed k pron\u00e1jmu na kr\u00e1tkou dobu a\u017e 75 dn\u00ed v roce (v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bez ohledu na to, zda je majitel nemovitosti v t\u00e9to dob\u011b v dom\u011b, nebo ne; p\u0159ipome\u0148me, nyn\u00ed pron\u00e1jem dom\u016f v San Franciscu v nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti majitele je omezena na 90 noci v roce a nen\u00ed omezena za jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnosti);<\/li>\n<li>po\u017eadovat od pronaj\u00edmatele sestavovat \u010dtvrtletn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o tom, kolik dn\u00ed \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c jejich bydlen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f referenda, 55 % obyvatel San Franciscu vyj\u00e1d\u0159il proti p\u0159ijet\u00ed pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f. Nesouhlas v\u011bt\u0161iny hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee slu\u017eba s n\u00e1zvem Airbnb v\u00fdrazn\u011b usnad\u0148uje postup n\u00e1jemn\u00edch byt\u016f na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd pron\u00e1jem, kter\u00e1 se na takov\u00e9m \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c trhu, jako je San Francisco, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 zisky. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b, on-pron\u00e1jem v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje nab\u00eddka na trhu dlouhodob\u00e9m pron\u00e1jmu, a t\u00edm napom\u00e1h\u00e1 r\u016fstu n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd tr\u00e1p\u00ed obyvatele m\u011bsta, z\u00e1jem o tento pron\u00e1jem. Podle skupiny aktivist\u016f Share Better SF, 70 % byt\u016f, kter\u00e9 by se dalo pronajmout na dlouhou dobu m\u00edstn\u00ed, rozd\u00e1vaj\u00ed turist\u016fm p\u0159es Airbnb a podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p> Z d\u016fvodu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 sazby n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho v San Franciscu st\u00e1le t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed pronajmout byt <i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>S novou &#8222;digit\u00e1ln\u00ed&#8220; realitou se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed nejen obyvatel\u00e9 a \u00fa\u0159ady San Francisco \u2014 podobnou situaci je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat v Barcelon\u011b. V srpnu 2015 starosta m\u011bsta Pekla \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0443 (Ada Colau) postihla s kritikou na Airbnb a Booking.com: &#8222;Internetov\u00e9 slu\u017eby by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt zp\u016fsob, jak obej\u00edt z\u00e1kony a b\u00fdt z\u00e1st\u011brkou pro neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edch byt\u016f turist\u016fm&#8220;. Obyvatel\u00e9 Barcelony se p\u0159ipojili k sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed a str\u00e1vili n\u011bkolik protest\u016f proti pron\u00e1jmu byty turist\u016fm za p\u0159emr\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ceny na bulv\u00e1ru las Ramblas (La Rambla). &#8222;Byty, kter\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edve bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pronajmout za 300 a\u017e 400 euro za m\u011bs\u00edc, nyn\u00ed jsou pronajaty za 600-700 euro&#8220;,\u2014 \u0159ekl z\u00e1stupce m\u00edstn\u00edch aktivist\u016f Do \u041a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430 (Oriol Casabella).<\/p>\n<p>Tak zda Airbnb a podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby maj\u00ed tak siln\u00fd tlak na trhu s nemovitostmi velk\u00fdch m\u011bst? Pro odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku, stoj\u00ed za to obr\u00e1tit se do historie vzniku a v\u00fdvoje t\u00e9to p2p platformy.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 ot\u00e1zka<\/h2>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Airbnb se objevila v roce 2008 a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b se stala popul\u00e1rn\u00ed u turist\u016f. Dnes na Airbnb m\u016f\u017eete pronajmout ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed ve 34 tis\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bst po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Pron\u00e1jem k pron\u00e1jmu byt, za m\u011bs\u00edc m\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat \u010d\u00e1stku dvakr\u00e1t a\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i pron\u00e1jmu jednomu n\u00e1jemci na 30 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>     <i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i tomto v m\u00e9n\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed u turist\u016f m\u011bstech je pod\u00edl byt\u016f, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na Airbnb, ve vztahu k celkov\u00e9mu po\u010dtu voln\u00fdch pro n\u00e1jemn\u00ed bydlen\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Austin (Austin) p\u0159es internet-slu\u017eba je pronaj\u00edm\u00e1na pouze 6 % byt\u016f, zat\u00edmco v Nashville (Nashville) \u2014 3 %, zat\u00edmco v New Yorku \u2014 18 %.<\/p>\n<p>     <i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc, vliv Airbnb na trh s n\u00e1jemn\u00edm bydlen\u00edm nerovnom\u011brn\u011b, dokonce i ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech: v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, jako obvykle, se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed oblib\u011b u turist\u016f, pod\u00edl byt\u016f, p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159es Airbnb je velmi vysok\u00e1, v jin\u00fdch stejnou slu\u017ebu m\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b m\u00edt vliv na s\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n<p>     <i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Lond\u00fdn\u011b se nejv\u00edce byt\u016f p\u0159es p2p slu\u017eby k pron\u00e1jmu v \u010dtvrti Westminster (57 %), co\u017e nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapuj\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee to je centrum m\u011bsta, kam p\u0159ijede hodn\u011b turist\u016f a podnikatel\u016f, ochotn\u00fdch zaplatit drah\u00e9, ale kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd pron\u00e1jem. O n\u011bco ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det reklam se ve \u010dtvrti Kensington a Chelsea (40 %), a tak\u00e9 v \u041a\u044d\u043c\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435 (28 %), kde \u017eij\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 lid\u00e9, nejsou obvykle pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ve vedlej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdd\u011blku na pron\u00e1jem. V m\u00e9n\u011b presti\u017en\u00ed Greenwich ceny v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, a pronaj\u00edmatele m\u00e9n\u011b (5 %), a v ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m Croydon pod\u00edl byt\u016f p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny na Airbnb, a to je 1 %.<\/p>\n<h2>Hotel pod \u00fatokem<\/h2>\n<p>Pohodl\u00ed Airbnb ji\u017e ocenili investo\u0159i: i s ohledem na velk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady p\u0159i pron\u00e1jmu bytu na kr\u00e1tkou dobu p\u0159\u00edjmy v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m pron\u00e1jmu. I kdy\u017e takov\u00fd byt bude oddalovat bez n\u00e1jemce dva m\u011bs\u00edce v roce, jeho v\u00fdnos je 6-7 %, zat\u00edmco dlouhodob\u00fd pron\u00e1jem p\u0159inese pouze 3-4 % ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b hodn\u011b vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy, srovnateln\u00fd se ziskem z komer\u010dn\u00edch objekt\u016f, u bytu, \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 p\u0159es p2p slu\u017eby, je tu je\u0161t\u011b jedna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu p\u0159ed jin\u00fdmi objekty k investov\u00e1n\u00ed: je to levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e, nap\u0159\u00edklad, n\u00e1kupn\u00ed centrum nebo hotel, tak\u017ee st\u00e1t se investorem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnoho. Ji\u017e nyn\u00ed asi t\u0159etina reklamy na Airbnb po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed majitel\u00e9 dvou a v\u00edce byt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou ve skute\u010dnosti st\u00e1vaj\u00ed konkurenty mal\u00e9ho hotelov\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Airbnb a podobn\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky opravdu maj\u00ed vliv na trhy pron\u00e1jem nemovitost\u00ed velk\u00fdch m\u011bst. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b, aktivita m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel a \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed povede k tomu, \u017ee se \u010dasem objev\u00ed z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a da\u0148ov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy pro jejich u\u017eivatele. N\u011bkter\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ji\u017e nyn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, je-li koupit byt v Barcelon\u011b, lze ji pronajmout byt na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd pron\u00e1jem, jen t\u00edm, \u017ee speci\u00e1ln\u00ed povolen\u00ed od m\u00edstn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. Investo\u0159i hon za t\u011bmito byty, a t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se poda\u0159ilo vydat licenci, jsou nuceni pronajmout bydlen\u00ed pouze na dlouhou dobu.<\/p>\n<p>            <b class=\"citation-author-name\">Marina \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/b><\/p>\n<p> Vedouc\u00ed prodeje Tranio<\/p>\n<p>Ivan \u0427\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0436\u043a\u043e, &#8222;\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043e&#8220;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed on-line slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rychle a bez prost\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f (peer-to-peer nebo p2p) pron\u00e1jem byt\u016f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e obyvatel\u00e9 velk\u00fdch m\u011bst s \u00fa\u0159ady<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-danove-informace-ve-francii"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"cs","enabled_languages":["ru","uk","en","de","fr","it","es","pl","pt","bg","cs","da","et","fi","hr","hu","lt","lv","mk","no","ro","sk","sl","sq","sr","tr","nl","am","ca","sv"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"uk":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"bg":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"da":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"et":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"fi":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"hu":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"lv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"mk":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"no":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sk":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sl":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sq":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"am":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ca":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"sv":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/952\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nalog.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}